Glossary

functional testing

Functional testing verifies that a product, assembly, process, or system performs required functions under specified conditions.

Functional testing is testing performed to verify that a product, assembly, process, or system performs its required functions under specified conditions. In manufacturing, it focuses on whether the item works as intended, not only whether its dimensions, materials, or documentation match requirements.

Functional testing is commonly used in production, inspection, first article inspection, maintenance, and quality workflows. Examples include testing an actuator for movement and response, verifying an electronic assembly powers on and communicates, or confirming that a finished unit meets defined operating criteria. Records may include the test procedure, equipment used, acceptance criteria, measured results, and a test report.

Functional testing should not be confused with dimensional inspection, which checks physical characteristics such as size, location, and tolerance. In AS9102 first article inspection contexts, functional testing may be documented as part of product accountability, while detailed dimensional verification is typically handled separately.

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