CAPA closure

Start with a narrow, high-value use case, not a plant-wide AI program. In aerospace, predictive quality depends on stable process definitions, trustworthy traceability, usable NCR and inspection data, and disciplined change control. Most plants get further by improving data and workflows around one failure mode than by attempting full system replacement.

There is no universal target concession rate for a mature program. In a stable, capable process, concession volume should trend low and be tightly bounded, but the acceptable level depends on product risk, customer requirements, process capability, supplier performance, and how concessions are classified and controlled. A flat or rising rate in a mature program usually warrants scrutiny, not normalization.

Raise a concession when the nonconforming item will be accepted for use or delivery as-is, or with a repair that does not fully restore it to drawing, specification, or approved process requirements. If compliant condition can be objectively restored by approved rework and verified, a concession is usually not the right path. The exact trigger depends on contract, customer, and QMS rules.

In regulated manufacturing, a nonconformance is a documented failure to meet a specified requirement, whether from a customer, drawing, spec, standard, procedure, or regulation. It is not just a defect; it is any verified deviation that must be recorded, evaluated, and dispositioned under change control and traceability rules.